Mohammad Moezzi
Pulp Fiction: A Conversation with Marco Frascari on Craft of Architectural Drawing, 2023
Mixed media (hand-crafting, hand-drawing, and collage)
Materials: printed texts, water, pencil on handmade paper, printed images on glossy paper, tracing paper, and Indian coffee
24” x 36”
(Note: This drawing resulted from my PhD research under the supervision of Dr Graham Livesey (chair), Dr Paul Emmons, and Dr Marian Macken, funded by School of Architecture, Planning, and Landscape, SAPL, the University of Calgary, and Alberta Innovates)
A few months ago, I received some printed papers. As I went through them, I found some duplicates of Marco Frascari's papers that I had already read. It was then that I remembered the novel "Too Loud a Solitude" by Bohumil Hrabal (1967). In the book, the protagonist, Hanta, grinds books into pulp in his dark basement and engages in imaginary conversations with their authors. Inspired by this, I decided to make a pulp with Frascari's papers. This handmade paper is a memory of my papermaking craft and imaginary conversation with him. Frascari’s life may have come to an end like a finished work of art, but his unfinishing legacy, interwoven into the fibers of this handmade paper, continues to transcend the limits of his biological life, serving as an anagogical force that inspires and shapes the future of the craft of architectural drawing.
"Making paper with my papers has four senses," remarked Frascari. "It is literal, in that you are creating a tangible material from these written papers. It is allegorical because you acknowledge that your invention does not arise from thin air, but rather has deep roots in tradition. It is anagogical because you bring to light the invisible lines hidden between my words on architectural drawing. And it is moral because you do not waste the papers, but instead read them and transform them into the material of an actual paper." Pondering his words, I asked, "What should I draw then?"
"The Tell-The-Tale Detail'," replied Frascari. "I will draw the details of the story of this drawing on itself," I responded. Frascari said "This is called the 'facture' of drawing. Use the tools at your disposal. It reflects four arts of living well, building well, and drawing well."
"And what is the fourth art?" I inquired.
"Patience, my dear friend," Frascari chuckled. "Let me tell you more about that later." Taking his advice, I blended his printed papers, pulping them in my bathtub, and used my bedroom's window mesh to drain and dry them on a garment on my desk. I said, "I will draw the plan of my apartment." Frascari said seriously, "This cosmopoiesis requires using ichnographia instead of cartesian plan. Instead, relate ichnographia to gravity, time, and your body."
I asked "What about the rest of your papers?"
"Use them as a background for the drawing," suggested Frascari. "But be hesitant, make it ambiguous and open to interpretation."
As I conversed, a drop of coffee spilled onto the paper, leaving behind a disappointing stain. However, upon closer inspection, I was surprised by the mesmerizing pattern it created. In that moment, he shared with me the story of the draughtsman in Carlo Scarpa's office whose cigarette ash had accidentally fallen onto the drawing the night before the project was due. Scarpa embraced the mistake and transformed it into a unique design element, incorporating it into the final plan.
I suggested using the rest of my coffee to alter the color of the background papers and create more contrast in my drawing. Frascari's smile widened as he recalled his book Eleven Exercises in the Art of Architectural Drawing: Slow Food for the Architect's Imagination. Frascari said, "And the fourth art is eating well. Aren't you feeling hungry?" I let out a laugh and replied that we could always order a pizza. But Frascari, true to his appreciation for craftsmanship, countered, "No, let's make it."
Castellated Cast: Reading the Walls, Living the Lines, 2023
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white colour pencil, tracing paper, carbon transfer paper, and plastic mirror
24” x 36”
Technique: hand-drawing, and hand-inscribing
(Note: This drawing resulted from my PhD research under the supervision of Dr Graham Livesey (chair), Dr Paul Emmons, and Dr Marian Macken, funded by School of Architecture, Planning, and Landscape, SAPL, the University of Calgary, and Alberta Innovates)
While reading volume one of The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland: From the Twelfth to Eighteenth Century a five-volume tome published by Scottish architects David MacGibbon and Thomas Ross between 1887 and 1892, my eyes followed a linear path from one sentence to the next, forming parallel lines across the page, from left to right, and top to bottom. Sometimes my gaze lingered, fixated on a particular word or sentence, or wandered off into the spaces between the solid black poches. Monochromatic plans captured my attention the most since some of the castle walls reached a staggering five meters in thickness, and were represented by solid black poches.
This experience inspired me to create an architectural drawing that re-configures the essence of Scottish castle walls in a geometric pattern that mimics the structure of a written page. Architects capture their observations in sketchbooks, transforming lived experiences into word and line compositions. The written word is read, while the drawings are inhabited imaginatively. While reading and inhabitation are separated in confrontation with ordinary sketchbooks, in mine they are in a dialectical fusion. The conventional notion that only the space in-between lines matter in architectural plans is challenged. As a linear mass-void mixture that defines and separates multiple spaces, Scottish castle walls remain inhabitable in the format of a text.
As we move from the top to the bottom layers in the drawing, we witness various dialectical movement between dualisms, such as ambiguity to precision, transparency to tangibility and opacity, objectivity to subjectivity, duplication to exploration, presence to absence, tracing to reflection, surface to depth, reproduction to creation, and actuality to virtuality. This dialectical structure makes the drawing anagogical. Tracing paper makes the invisible visible by revealing hidden outlines and makes the visible invisible by obscuring details not intended for copying. The carbon paper allows us to make the invisible visible by creating a visible copy, but it also has the potential to make the visible invisible if the carbon transfer is not executed correctly, leading to a smudged and unclear footprint on the mirror. Through the use of the mirror, I made the visible footprints more visible, but I also made them invisible by attracting the viewer's attention to their own image in the mirror. Moreover, while the mirror as a reflective surface signals the dominance of vision, tracing papers invite touch and tactile interaction, which makes another dualism. However, the carbon paper works dialectically, requiring careful seeing and intentional touch, as any scratch may destroy the vision or the finishing of the mirror surface.
The boundaries between reading and inhabiting this drawing are blurred. By representing the Scottish castle walls in a dialectical relationship between reading and inhabiting, the conventional divide between these two experiences is challenged. The intricate spatial qualities contained within these walls enable this exploration, and through the act of drawing as a form of necromancy, a new life is breathed into them, allowing them to be lived in and inhabited once again.
Drawing as Hermeneutic Reading, 2019-2023
Materials: printed texts, pencil on paper, collage, and masking tape
Dimension: 24” x 36”
Technique: mixed media (hand-drawing, collage, and photomontage)
(Note: This drawing was initially created for an assignment in an elective course at the University of Calgary, as part of my PhD coursework in Introduction to Design Theories taught by Joshua Taron and Robert Birch from the School of Architecture, Planning, and Landscape, SAPL. I would like to thank my peer, Brennan Black, for allowing me to review his project through my drawing.)
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This hybrid drawing is an attempt to read one of my peers' projects in 2019. To read through drawing I drew metaphorically to open up potentially closed and closing representations. To draw metaphorically, I explored the use of representational experimentation, including disrupting default representational and perceptual protocols through collaging, blending, layering, erasing, and related techniques, to arrive at novel explorative, speculative, and poetic interpretations. This playful and experimental style intentionally leaving ideas slightly vague. In my drawing, the pure completion is denied, allowing my audience, another architect, the primary designer, or myself to create a world from the world I created. Gadamer calls this the fusion of horizons. Innovation does not appear out of nowhere; we make the world, and the world makes us. Hermeneutic
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Hermeneutic drawing is similar to poetry in literature. These are both humanistic and disciplinary narratives. Allegory, metaphor, indeterminacy, and ambiguity can be used by architects to create these drawings. Throughout this process, non-experts, other architects, historians, and even the primary designer are invited to actively participate in world-making and imagination. The disruption of an architect's seemingly completed project in this drawing presents another world-making opportunity. By creating new spaces between the texts, the audience is unable to clearly understand the studio brief, encouraging them to create their own interpretations. It symbolizes the disruption of our everyday lives by cars, highways, railways, smartphones, and media distractions. However, these blank spaces offer new opportunities to revise our relationship with the world and explore new meanings. Blank spaces between new territories can define and characterize them. The title of Christopher Alexander's essay, "The City is Not a Tree," is used to give clues to the audience about this disruption. The abstract and concrete versions of the modern city are represented by the tree in the drawing. The urban mirror is presented by layering opaque materials as one of designer's manifestos. The project is translated with dashed lines to show the process of form-finding in nested lines of possible geometries. Using this kind of representation, we can have a different interpretation of the project, where the form could be interpreted as echoing the environment.
The drawing extending onto the wrinkled page glued down on the interior of the hard cover creating a seamless connection, with the paper's imperfections adding unexpected depth and texture. This serves as a metaphor for the architect’s experience of the earth, utilizing nature's forces and working within constraints to create something beautiful and meaningful. It's a reminder that creativity knows no bounds, and that limitations can inspire us to express ourselves in new and unexpected ways. Inspiring by Paul Ricouer’s narrative theory, if the primary design by my peer is assumed a pre-figuration, this drawing is configuration, and the meaning you bring to my drawing is refiguration. This is how ever-open circle of meaning will be closed through acts of reading.
Mohammad Moezzi is an Iranian architectural designer, instructor, and researcher specializing in architectural drawing and phenomenology. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees in architecture from Azad University in Iran and has since designed residential towers and public buildings in collaboration with various architecture firms in Iran. In addition, he has been teaching architecture studio courses and drawing theories and workshops for the past ten years. Currently a PhD candidate at the University of Calgary, school of architecture, planning, and landscape (SAPL), Mohammad's research and drawings has garnered recognition and awards, including the 2022 Alberta Innovates Technology award.